Appunti e approfondimenti di Navigazione & COLREG

INTRODUZIONE

Ehi ragazzi, benvenuti a bordo! Siete pronti per un'avventura emozionante nel mondo della navigazione marittima?

Siete alla guida del vostro destino, pronti a solcare gli oceani e a scoprire nuovi orizzonti.

Questa serie, "Appunti di Navigazione e COLREG", è stata progettata appositamente per voi. Qui impareremo insieme le basi della navigazione, dall'arte della cartografia ai segreti della sicurezza in mare. Ma soprattutto, esploreremo insieme la COLREG - la pubblicazione IMO sul regolamento internazionale per prevenire gli abbordi in mare.

Preparatevi a imparare in modo coinvolgente e divertente! Saremo la vostra guida, pronti a rispondere a tutte le vostre domande mentre vi immergete in questo mondo affascinante.

Siete pronti a salpare? Allora mettetevi comodi, perché questa sarà un'avventura che non dimenticherete mai!

Generalità SULLA NAVIGAZIONE

Navigare non è solo muoversi da un punto all'altro. È un'antica arte che unisce scienza, abilità pratiche e amore per il mare e l'ambiente. Significa condurre la tua nave in modo sicuro attraverso oceani, fiumi e laghi, avvicinandoti a mete lontane con rispetto e consapevolezza che al mare si deve rispetto e che lo puoi solo assecondare scegliendo il percorso più sicuro per te, per la tua nave, per il tuo equipaggio e per il carico o i passeggeri.

La scelta della rotta è un'altra componente critica della navigazione. I navigatori devono considerare una serie di fattori, tra cui le correnti marine, i venti dominanti, le condizioni meteorologiche e gli ostacoli naturali o artificiali lungo il percorso. Una rotta ben pianificata può ridurre i rischi di collisione, risparmiare carburante e tempo e assicurare un viaggio sicuro ed efficiente.

Durante la scuola, impariamo le basi per entrare nel mondo del mare. Al Nautico, ci specializziamo in tutto ciò che riguarda la navigazione. Fin dal primo giorno, aggiungiamo una nuova materia: la scienza della navigazione. Man mano che passano gli anni, studiamo sempre più argomenti, come la navigazione tradizionale, la meteorologia, l'elettrotecnica, la cartografia, la navigazione moderna e la teoria della nave.

Durante l'apprendistato, dopo aver finito la scuola, gli studenti continuano a imparare sul campo. Mettono in pratica ciò che hanno imparato, passando dalla teoria alla realtà, affrontando le sfide e guadagnandosi l'esperienza necessaria. E ora, Sogniamo In Grande vuole darvi un aiuto extra. Qui sul blog, abbiamo preparato una serie speciale dedicata al diritto marittimo, sia internazionale che nazionale, ma anche alle questioni tecniche. Troverete spunti, approfondimenti e anche qualche piccolo test per verificare quanto avete imparato.

approfondimento del giorno: Passage plan

Tutti noi sappiamo che la pianificazione del viaggio è suddivisa in quattro macro aree o step.

• Appraisal / Valutazione

• Planning / Pianificazione

• Execution / Esecuzione

• Monitoring / Controllo

Ma quale regolamento tratta questa suddivisione?

Innanzitutto dobbiamo prima precisare alcuni aspetti per poi arrivare al regolamento o risoluzione che tratta di questa suddivisione.

Premessa:

I professori consigliano di studiare le convenzioni internazionali in inglese per una comprensione più profonda. Questo incoraggia gli studenti del nautico a migliorare l'inglese tecnico, essenziale per comunicare con vari attori del settore. Un suggerimento pratico è utilizzare un vocabolario bilingue e monolingue per tradurre con precisione. Come futuri ufficiali, la capacità di comunicare efficacemente in inglese diventa cruciale per interagire con l'equipaggio, tecnici e autorità globali. Il successo professionale dipende sempre più anche dalla competenza linguistica in un ambiente internazionale oltre alla padronanza dell'ambiente di lavoro.

dalla convenzione solas

Regulation 34

Safe navigation and avoidance of dangerous situations

1

Prior to proceeding to sea, the master shall ensure that the intended voyage has been planned using the appropriate nautical charts and nautical publications for the area concerned, taking into account the guidelines and recommendations developed by the Organization.

2

The voyage plan shall identify a route which:

1. Takes into account any relevant ships' routeing systems;

2. Ensures sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the ship throughout the voyage;

3. Anticipates all known navigational hazards and adverse weather conditions; and

4. Takes into account the marine environmental protection measures that apply, and avoids, as far as possible, actions and activities which could cause damage to the environment.

Regulation 34-1

 Master's discretion

The owner, the charterer, the company operating the ship as defined in regulation IX/1, or any other person shall not prevent or restrict the master of the ship from taking or executing any decision which, in the master’s professional judgement, is necessary for safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment.

dalla convenzione stcw

Section A-VIII/2 Part 2 Voyage Planning

General requirement

• 3 The intended voyage shall be planned in advance, taking into consideration all pertinent information, and any course laid down shall be checked before the voyage commences.

• 4 The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine in advance the needs of the intended voyage, taking into consideration the requirements for fuel, water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare parts, tools, supplies and any other requirements.

Planning prior to each voyage

• 5 Prior to each voyage, the master of every ship shall ensure that the intended route from the port of departure to the first port of call is planned using adequate and appropriate charts and other nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, containing accurate, complete and up-to-date information regarding those navigational limitations and hazards which are of a permanent or predictable nature and which are relevant to the safe navigation of the ship.

Verification and display of planned route

• 6 When the route planning is verified, taking into consideration all pertinent information, the planned route shall be clearly displayed on appropriate charts and shall be continuously available to the officer in charge of the watch, who shall verify each course to be followed prior to using it during the voyage.

Deviation from planned route

• 7 If a decision is made, during a voyage, to change the next port of call of the planned route, or if it is necessary for the ship to deviate substantially from the planned route for other reasons, then an amended route shall be planned prior to deviating substantially from the route originally planned.

dalle risoluzioni imo

IMO Resolution A.893 (21) – Guidelines for Voyage Planning – 25 November 1999

The Assembly

• RECALLING Article 15(j) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations and guidelines concerning maritime safety and the prevention and control of marine pollution from ships,

• RECALLING ALSO section A-VIII/2, Part 2 (Voyage planning) of the Seafarers' Training, Certification and Watchkeeping Code,

• RECALLING FURTHER the essential requirements contained in the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea concerning voyage planning, including those relating to officers and crew, shipborne equipment, and safety management systems,

• RECOGNIZING the essential importance for safety of life at sea, safety of navigation and protection of the marine environment of a well planned voyage, and therefore the need to update the 1978 Guidance on voyage planning issued as SN/Circ.92,

• NOTING the request of the Assembly in resolution A.790(19) that the Maritime Safety Committee consider the issue of voyage planning in conjunction with its review of the Code for the Safe Carriage of Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes in Flasks on Board Ships (INF Code), and the Committee's decision that consideration of the issue of voyage planning should not be restricted to vessels carrying materials subject to the INF Code but should apply to all ships engaged on international voyages,

• HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendation made by the Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation at its forty-fifth session: 1 ADOPTS the Guidelines for voyage planning set out in the Annex to the present resolution; 2 INVITES Governments to bring the annexed Guidelines to the attention of masters of vessels flying their countries' flag, shipowners, ship operators, shipping companies, maritime pilots, training institutions and all other parties concerned, for information and action as appropriate; 3 REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to keep the said Guidelines under review and to amend them as appropriate.

Annex – Draft Guidelines for Voyage Planning

• 1 Objectives 1.1 The development of a plan for voyage or passage, as well as the close and continuous monitoring of the vessel's progress and position during the execution of such a plan, are of essential importance for safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation and protection of the marine environment. 1.2 The need for voyage and passage planning applies to all vessels. There are several factors that may impede the safe navigation of all vessels and additional factors that may impede the navigation of large vessels or vessels carrying hazardous cargoes. These factors will need to be taken into account in the preparation of the plan and in the subsequent monitoring of the execution of the plan. 1.3 Voyage and passage planning includes appraisal, i.e. gathering all information relevant to the contemplated voyage or passage; detailed planning of the whole voyage or passage from berth to berth, including those areas necessitating the presence of a pilot; execution of the plan; and the monitoring of the progress of the vessel in the implementation of the plan. These components of voyage/passage planning are analysed below.

• 2 Appraisal 2.1 All information relevant to the contemplated voyage or passage should be considered. The following items should be taken into account in voyage and passage planning: .1 the condition and state of the vessel, its stability, and its equipment; any operational limitations; its permissible draught at sea in fairways and in ports; its manoeuvring data, including any restrictions; .2 any special characteristics of the cargo (especially if hazardous), and its distribution, stowage and securing on board the vessel; .3 the provision of a competent and well-rested crew to undertake the voyage or passage; .4 requirements for up-to-date certificates and documents concerning the vessel, its equipment, crew, passengers or cargo; .5 appropriate scale, accurate and up-to-date charts to be used for the intended voyage or passage, as well as any relevant permanent or temporary notices to mariners and existing radio navigational warnings; .6 accurate and up-to-date sailing directions, lists of lights and lists of radio aids to navigation; and .7 any relevant up-to-date additional information, including: .1 mariners' routeing guides and passage planning charts, published by competent authorities; .2 current and tidal atlases and tide tables; .3 climatological, hydrographical, and oceanographic data as well as other appropriate meteorological information; .4 availability of services for weather routeing (such as that contained in Volume D of the World Meteorological Organization's Publication No. 9); .5 existing ships' routeing and reporting systems, vessel traffic services, and marine environmental protection measures; .6 volume of traffic likely to be encountered throughout the voyage or passage; .7 if a pilot is to be used, information relating to pilotage and embarkation and disembarkation including the exchange of information between master and pilot; .8 available port information, including information pertaining to the availability of shore-based emergency response arrangements and equipment; and .9 any additional items pertinent to the type of the vessel or its cargo, the particular areas the vessel will traverse, and the type of voyage or passage to be undertaken. 2.2 On the basis of the above information, an overall appraisal of the intended voyage or passage should be made. This appraisal should provide a clear indication of all areas of danger; those areas where it will be possible to navigate safely, including any existing routeing or reporting systems and vessel traffic services; and any areas where marine environmental protection considerations apply.

• 3 Planning 3.1 On the basis of the fullest possible appraisal, a detailed voyage or passage plan should be prepared which should cover the entire voyage or passage from berth to berth, including those areas where the services of a pilot will be used. 3.2 The detailed voyage or passage plan should include the following factors: .1 the plotting of the intended route or track of the voyage or passage on appropriate scale charts: the true direction of the planned route or track should be indicated, as well as all areas of danger, existing ships' routeing and reporting systems, vessel traffic services, and any areas where marine environmental protection considerations apply; .2 the main elements to ensure safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation, and protection of the marine environment during the intended voyage or passage; such elements should include, but not be limited to: .1 safe speed, having regard to the proximity of navigational hazards along the intended route or track, the manoeuvring characteristics of the vessel and its draught in relation to the available water depth; .2 necessary speed alterations en route, e.g., where there may be limitations because of night passage, tidal restrictions, or allowance for the increase of draught due to squat and heel effect when turning; .3 minimum clearance required under the keel in critical areas with restricted water depth; .4 positions where a change in machinery status is required; .5 course alteration points, taking into account the vessel's turning circle at the planned speed and any expected effect of tidal streams and currents; .6 the method and frequency of position fixing, including primary and secondary options, and the indication of areas where accuracy of position fixing is critical and where maximum reliability must be obtained; .7 use of ships' routeing and reporting systems and vessel traffic services; .8 considerations relating to the protection of the marine environment; and .9 contingency plans for alternative action to place the vessel in deep water or proceed to a port of refuge or safe anchorage in the event of any emergency necessitating abandonment of the plan, taking into account existing shore-based emergency response arrangements and equipment and the nature of the cargo and of the emergency itself. 3.3 The details of the voyage or passage plan should be clearly marked and recorded, as appropriate, on charts and in a voyage plan notebook or computer disk. 3.4 Each voyage or passage plan as well as the details of the plan, should be approved by the ships' master prior to the commencement of the voyage or passage.

• 4 Execution 4.1 Having finalized the voyage or passage plan, as soon as time of departure and estimated time of arrival can be determined with reasonable accuracy, the voyage or passage should be executed in accordance with the plan or any changes made thereto. 4.2 Factors which should be taken into account when executing the plan, or deciding on any departure therefrom include: .1 the reliability and condition of the vessel's navigational equipment; .2 estimated times of arrival at critical points for tide heights and flow; .3 meteorological conditions, (particularly in areas known to be affected by frequent periods of low visibility) as well as weather routeing information; .4 daytime versus night-time passing of danger points, and any effect this may have on position fixing accuracy; and .5 traffic conditions, especially at navigational focal points. 4.3 It is important for the master to consider whether any particular circumstance, such as the forecast of restricted visibility in an area where position fixing by visual means at a critical point is an essential feature of the voyage or passage plan, introduces an unacceptable hazard to the safe conduct of the passage; and thus whether that section of the passage should be attempted under the conditions prevailing or likely to prevail. The master should also consider at which specific points of the voyage or passage there may be a need to utilize additional deck or engine room personnel.

• 5 Monitoring 5.1 The plan should be available at all times on the bridge to allow officers of the navigational watch immediate access and reference to the details of the plan. 5.2 The progress of the vessel in accordance with the voyage and passage plan should be closely and continuously monitored. Any changes made to the plan should be made consistent with these Guidelines and clearly marked and recorded.

Passage Plan (appraisal video)

Vediamo insieme un video dedicato alla pianificazione del viaggio!

Così come comprendere i regolamenti internazionali è cruciale farlo in lingua originale, così anche guardare alcuni video tecnici o didattici in lingua inglese arricchirà la vostra esperienza e vi permetterà di cogliere pienamente i concetti e termini indispensabili per il vostro futuro indipendentemente dalla bandiera di appartenenza della compagnia.

Nel prossimo video, esploriamo nel dettaglio il catalogo delle carte e delle pubblicazioni dell'Admiralty UK.

Guardando l'intera playlist su YouTube, potrete approfondire ogni aspetto della pianificazione. Ogni pubblicazione menzionata nei video è preziosa per gli ufficiali navigatori, poiché fornisce informazioni cruciali per tracciare la rotta e individuare gli ausili alla navigazione lungo il percorso. Analizzando attentamente ogni dettaglio del viaggio, garantirai un controllo totale durante l'esecuzione e sarai pronto ad affrontare qualsiasi imprevisto. È essenziale considerare la natura del carico, le caratteristiche della nave, le sue prestazioni e i limiti imposti dal pescaggio.

Anche se a volte il tempo sarà limitato, la capacità di tracciare rapidamente la rotta più sicura diventerà una competenza fondamentale per avanzare nella carriera marittima.

Ti invito a provare il nostro test di valutazione per testare le tue conoscenze e ringrazio per aver letto fino alla fine!

Facciamo un test!

Qual è il tuo punteggio? Hai domande o dubbi? Non esitare a compilare il modulo di contatto e condividere le tue sensazioni. Il nostro team sarà lieto di rispondere nel più breve tempo possibile.

Clicca qui per info e contatti!

Il tuo parere è fondamentale per noi, quindi ti chiediamo gentilmente di completare questo breve sondaggio finale. Grazie per il tuo contributo, con il tuo aiuto possiamo continuare a migliorare i nostri contenuti per offrirti un servizio sempre migliore.

Quali sono le tue impressioni su questo nuovo format?

• 0%Ottime, non vedo l'ora del prossimo post di questa serie!
• 0%Indifferente
• 0%Non è per niente idoneo
• 0%Passabile